Song Ci (1186–1249) was a Chinese physician, judge, forensic medical scientist, anthropologist, and writer of the Southern Song dynasty. He was the first known anthropologist who wrote a groundbreaking book named Collected Records of Medical Jurisprudence (xi yuan ji lu). Song Ci was born into a bureaucratic family. He served as a presiding judge in the Chinese high courts for many terms. During his work at a criminal court in Hunan Province, Song Ci would personally examine the crime scene each time, he also encountered a difficult case of homicide or physical assault. Song Ci combined many historical cases of forensic science with his own experiences and completed the Book aiming to avoiding miscarriages of justice. The Book was esteemed by generations of forensic scientists and was translated into English, German, Japanese, French, and other languages.