Selected PSP Research Papers

Mycelia of Coriolus versicolor

Mycelia of Coriolus versicolor Polysaccharopeptide (PSP) is an active ingredient extracted from a medicinal mushroom called Coriolus versicolor. It can play an important role in supporting the immine system. Over the past 20 years, extensive research studies including clinical trials have been conducted in order to elucidate its immune health benefits in the body.

2014

Clinical (Human)

  • Pallav K, et al. Effects of polysaccharopeptide from Trametes Versicolor and amoxicillin on the gut microbiome of healthy volunteers: A randomized clinical trial. Gut Microbes, 5(4), pp. 458-467(2014). Full Article

2013

In vitro

  • Yu, ZT et al. Trametes versicolor extract modifies human fecal microbiota composition in vitro, Plant Foods of Human Nutrition, 68(2), pp. 107-112(2013). Abstract

2012

Clinical (Dogs)

  • Brown Dorothy Cimino, Reetz Jennifer. Single agent polysaccharopeptide delays metastases and improves survival in naturally occurring hemangiosarcoma. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine.eCAM 2012: 384301, (2012). Full PDF Article

2008

In vitro

  • Wan JM, Sit WH, Louie JC. Polysaccharopeptide enhances the anticancer activity of doxorubicin and etoposide on human breast cancer cells ZR-75-30. Int J Oncol.32(3):689–699 (2008). Abstract
  • Lee CL, Sit WH, Jiang PP, So IW, Wan JM. Polysaccharopeptide mimics ciclosporin-mediated Th1/Th2 cytokine balance for suppression of activated human T cell proliferation by MAPKp38 and STAT5 pathways. J Pharm Pharmacol. 60(11): 1491-9 (2008). Abstract

2007

Clinical (Human)

  • Guglielmo, B.J. et al. In vivo effect of I'm-Yunity® on Hepatic cytochrome P450 3A4. J. Herb. Pharmacother.7(1), 39-56 (2007). Abstract

In vitro

  • Lee CL, Jiang PP, Sit WH, Wan JM. Proteome of human T lymphocytes with treatment of cyclosporine and polysaccharopeptide: analysis of significant proteins that manipulate T cells proliferation and immunosuppression. Int Immunopharmacol. 7(10): 1311-24 (2007). Abstract

2006

In vitro & animal

  • Chan, S.L. et al. Effects of polysaccharide peptide (PSP) from Coriolus versicolor on the pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide in the rat and cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Food Chem. Toxicol.44, 689-694 (2006). *** Abstract

In vitro

  • Wu, J.M. et al. Induction of cell cycle changes and modulation of apoptogenic/anti-apoptotic and extracellular signaling regulatory protein expression by water extracts of I'm-Yunity (PSP). BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 6, 30 (2006). *** Full PDF Article
  • Hsieh TC and Wu JM. Differential control of growth, cell cycle progression, and gene expression in human estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells by extracts derived from polysaccharopeptide I'm-Yunity and Danshen and their combination. Intern J Oncol.29, 1215-1222 (2006). Abstract

2005

Clinical (Human)

  • Wong, C.K., et al. Immunomodulatory activities of Yunzhi and Danshen in post-treatment breast cancer patients. Am. J. Chin. Med.33, 381-395 (2005). *** Abstract

In vitro

  • Zeng, F. et al. Molecular characterization of Coriolus versicolor PSP-induced apoptosis in human promyelotic leukemic HL-60 using cDNA microarray. Int. J. Oncol.27, 513-523 (2005). *** Abstract
  • Hui, K.P. et al. Induction of S phase cell arrest and caspase activation by polysaccharide peptide isolated from Coriolus versicolor enhanced the cell cycle dependent activity and apoptotic cell death of doxorubicin and etoposide, but not cytarabine in HL-60 cells. Oncol. Rep.14, 145-155 (2005). *** Abstract
  • Yang X. et al. The cell death process of the anticancer agent polysaccharide-peptide (PSP) in human promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells. Oncol. Rep.13, 1201-1210 (2005).*** Abstract
  • Ho, C.Y. et al. Differential anti-tumor activity of coriolus versicolor (Yunzhi) extract through p53- and/or Bcl-2-dependent apoptotic pathway in human breast cancer cells. Cancer Biol. Ther.4, 638-644 (2005). Abstract
  • Coles, M. et al. Lack of prevention of large intestinal cancer by VPS, an extract of Coriolus versicolor mushroom. In vivo.19, 867-871 (2005). Abstract

2004

Clinical (Human)

  • Wong, C.K. et al. Immunomodulatory effects of yun zhi and danshen capsules in health subjects - a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Int. Immunopharmacol.4, 201-211 (2004). *** Abstract

In vitro

  • Ho, C.Y. et al. Differential effect of Coriolus versicolor (Yunzhi) extracts on cytokines production by murine lymphocytes in vitro. Int. Immunopharmacol.4, 1549-1557 (2004). Abstract
  • Ho, J.C. et al. Fungal polysaccharopeptide inhibits tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth in mice. Life Sci.75, 1343-1356 (2004). Abstract
  • Lau, C.B. et al. Cytotoxic activities of Coriolus versicolor (Yunzhi) extracts on human leukemia and lymphoma cells by induction of apoptosis. Life Sci.75, 797-808 (2004). Abstract

2003

Clinical (Human)

  • Tsang, K.W. et al. Coriolus versicolor polysaccharide peptide slows progression of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Resp. Med.97, 618-624 (2003). Reprint is available upon request by email. *** Abstract

Review

  • Monro, J.A. Treatment of cancer with mushroom products. Arch. Environ. Health58, 533-537 (2003). Abstract
  • Cui, J. et al. Polysaccharopeptide of coriolus versicolor: physiological activity, uses, and production. Biotechnol. Adv.21, 109-122 (2003). Abstract

2002

Animal

  • Song, L.C. et al. Effects of coriolus versicolor polysaccharide B on monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 gene expression in rat. Acta Pharmacol. Sin.23, 539-543 (2002). Abstract

In vitro

  • Hsieh, T.C. et al. Effects of extracts of Coriolus versicolor (I’m Yunity) on cell-cycle progression and expression of Interleukins-1β, -6, and -8 in promyelocytic HL-60 leukemic cells and mitogenically stimulated and nonstimulated human lymphocytes. J. Altern. Complem. Med.8, 591-602 (2002). Reprint is available upon request by email. *** Abstract
  • Mau, J.L. et al. Antioxidant properties of several medicinal mushrooms. J. Agric. Food Chem.50, 6072-6077 (2002). Abstract

Review

  • Chu , K.K. et al. Coriolus versicolor: a medicinal mushroom with promising immunotherapeutic values. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 42, 976-984 (2002). Abstract

2001

In vitro

  • Hsieh, T.C. et al. Cell growth and gene modulatory activities of Yunzhi (Winsor Wunxi) from mushroom Trametes versicolor in androgen-dependent and androgen-insensitive human prostate cancer cells. Int. J. Oncol.18, 81-88 (2001). *** Abstract
  • Mao, X.W. et al. Evaluation of polysaccharopeptide effects against C6 glioma in combination with radiation. Oncology61, 243-246 (2001). *** Abstract

2000

Review

  1. Kidd, P.M. The use of mushroom glucans and proteoglycans in cancer treatment. Altern. Med. Rev.5, 4-27 (2000). *** Full PDF Article
  2. Ooi, V.E. et al. Immunomodulation and anti-cancer activity of polysaccharide-protein complexes. Curr. Med. Chem.7, 715-729 (2000). Abstract

1999

In vitro

  • Kim, H.S. et al. In vitro chemopreventative effects of plant polysaccharides (Aloe barbadensis miller, Lentinus edodes, Ganoderma lucidum and Coriolus versicolor). Carcinogenesis20, 1637-1640 (1999). Abstract

1998

Animal

  • Wu, D. et al. Dietary supplementation with mushroom-derived protein-bound glucan does not enhance immune function in young and old mice. J. Nutr.128, 193-197 (1998). Abstract

Review

  • Ng, T.B. A review of research on the protein-bound polysaccharide (polysaccharopeptide, PSP) from the mushroom Coriolus veriscolor (Basidiomycetes: polyporaceae). Gen. Pharmac.30, 1-4 (1998). *** Abstract
  • Gong, S. et al. Involvement of interleukin-2 in analgesia produced by Coriolus versicolor polysaccharide peptides. Acta Pharmacol. Sin.19, 67-70 (1998). *** Abstract

1997

Animal

  • Ng, T.B. et al. Polysaccharopeptide from the mushroom Coriolus versicolor possesses analgesic activity but does not produce adverse effects on female reproductive or embryonic development in mice. Gen. Pharmacol.29, 269-273 (1997). *** Abstract
  • Qian, Z.M. et al. Polysaccharide peptide (PSP) restores immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide in rats. Am. J. Chin. Med.25, 27-35 (1997). *** Abstract

In vitro

  • Collins, R.A. et al. Polysaccharopeptide from Coriolus versicolor has potential for use against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Life Sci.60, 383-387 (1997). *** Abstract
  • Dong, Y. et al. In vitro inhibition of proliferation of HL-60 cells by tetrandrine and coriolus versicolor peptide derived from Chinese medicinal herbs. Life Sci.60, 135-140 (1997). *** Abstract

1996

Animal

  • Wang, H.X. et al. Polysaccharide-peptide complexes from the cultured mycelia of the mushroom coriolus versicolor and their culture medium activate mouse lymphocytes and macrophages. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.28, 601-607 (1996). *** Abstract

In vitro

  • Mao, X.W. et al. Immunotherapy with low-dose interleukin-2 and a polysaccharopeptide derived from Coriolus versicolor. Cancer Biother. Radiopharm.11, 393-403 (1996). *** Abstract
*** These studies were sponsored in part by The Hong Kong Association for Health Care Ltd. & Winsor Health Products Ltd.

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