五味子
名稱
拉丁名稱: Fructus Schisandrae英文名稱: Schisandra
科學名稱: Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. / Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils.
中文名稱: 五味子
漢語拼音: wu wei zi
來源
為木蘭科多年生,葉木質藤本植物五味子或華中五味子的成熟果實。前者習稱為"北五味子",後者習稱為"南五味子"。1生產地
性味歸經
味酸,甘,性溫,歸肺經、心經、腎經。1五味子的藥名顯示它有五種味道:酸(木)、苦(火)、甘(土)、辛(金)、鹹(水)。《本草備要》記載:"五味子性溫,五味俱備酸鹹為多。"五味子皮甘,肉酸,核中苦辛,所有部分都含鹹味。
活性成分 / 主要化學成分
中藥功效
五味子斂肺滋腎,生津斂汗,澀精止瀉,寧心安神。1
傳統中醫用途
藥理作用
動物實驗
氧自由基指超氧陰離子(O2-) 和羥自由基(-OH)。細胞內氧自由基產生過多會損害大分子物質如核酸、蛋白質、酶、生物膜等,引發許多不良後果。某些疾病的發生與氧自由基損害有關;例如酒精性肝病,炎症,關節炎,心腦腎的缺血後再灌注損害,輻射損害,衰老,腫瘤發生等等。在氧自由基引起的諸組織損害反應中,生物膜多聚未飽和脂肪酸的脂質過氧化是最基本的損害反應之一。既然五味子中某些木脂素成分能拮抗CCl4引發的肝微粒體膜脂質過氧化,提示這些化合物對氧自由基引起的膜脂質過氧化可能有拮抗作用。9
SOD O2- + O2- → O2 + H2O2 2H+ catalase H2O2 → O2 + 2H2O SOD 2H2O2 + RH → 2H2O + R GSH-PX ROOH + 2 GSH → ROH + GSSG + H2O |
動物實驗
毒性
用法及劑量
煎湯時,五味子常用量為3〜9g。亦有磨細入丸、散內服。不良反應、副作用及注意事項
凡表邪未解,內有實熱,咳嗽初起,麻疹初期,均不宜服用五味子。3
參考
- 雷載權主編《中藥學》上海科學技術出版社, 2000年6月。
- 李家實主編《中藥鑒定學》上海科學技術出版社, 2000年2月。
- 吳儀洛《本草從新》1757AD.
- Bao Tiantong, Liu Geng-tao, Song-Zhen-Yu et. al. Studies on Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis I: Its effect on increased SGPT levels in animals caused by hepatotoxic chemical agents. Chin. Med. J. 1974; 54: 275.
- Bao TT, Liu GT, Song ZY et. al. Studies on Fructus Schisandrae III: Some pharmacological actions of schizandrin B. Chin. Med. J. 1975; 55:498.
- Zhang TM, Wang BE and Liu GT. Action of Schizandrin B, an antioxidant, on lipid peroxidation in primary cultured hepatocytes. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 1989; 10(4):353.
- Liu Keng-Tao and Lesca P. Pharmacological properties of dibenzocyclooctene derivative isolated from Fructus Schizandrae, III Inhibitory effects on carbon tetrachloride induced lipid peroxidation, metabolism and covalent binding of carbon tetrachloride to lipids. Chem.-Biol. Inter. 1982, 41:39.
- Mizoguchi Yasuhiro, Shin Tohkan and Morisawa Seiji. Effects of Gomisin A in an immunological induced acute hepatic failure model. Planta Med. 1991; 57:11.
- 曲志善等,五味子核油膠囊治療慢性肝炎30例療效分析,白求恩醫科大學學報 1984; 10(4):409.
- Liu KT, Cresteil T and Le Provost E et. al., Specific evidence that schizandrins induce a phenobarbital-like cytochrome P-450 from separated rat liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1981; 103: 1131.
- Liu KT and Lesca P., Pharmacological properties of dibenzocycloctene derivatives isolated form Fructus Schisandrae chinensis II: Introduction of phenobarbital-like hepatic monooxygenases. Chem-Biol. Inter. 1982; 39:315.
- Liu GT an Wei HL., Induction of hepatic microsomal monooxygenases by schisanhenol. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 1985; 6:41.
- Liu GT., Effects of some compounds isolated form Chinese Medicinal herbs on hepatic Microsomal cytochrome P-450 and their potential biological consequences. Drug Met. Rev. 1991; 23: 439.
- Li Y and Liu GT., Effects of schizandrins and biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate on enzymes of liver smooth and rough endoplasmic reticula in rat. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 1987; 8:560.
- Lu H and Liu GT,. Effects of schisandrins and biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate on enzymes and estradiol metabolism. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 1990; 11(3):331.
- Lu H and Liu GT., Effect of dibenzo (a, c) cycloctene lignans isolated from Fructus Schisandrae on lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidative enzyme activity. Chem-Biol. Inter. 1991; 78:77.
- Zhao BL, Liu GT and Xin WJ et al., Scavenging effect of schizandrins on active oxygen radicals. Cell Biol Inter Reports. 1990; 14(2):99.
- Li XJ, Liu GT and Xin WJ et al. Scavenging effects on active oxygen radicals by schizandrins with different structures and configuration. Free Radic. Biol. And Med. 1990; 9:99.
- Song W. Quality of Schisandra incarnata Stapf. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1991 Apr; 16(4): 204-6, 253.
- 劉宗香 等. 五味子的藥理實驗. 天津中醫 1986; 3(3):28.
- 王本祥. 北五味子的藥理. 天津醫藥雜誌1965; 7(4):338.
- Song ziqi, Song peiyin. 50 cases in severe asthma treatment with 3 herbs, Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1988; 29(9): 47.
- Liu KT. Studies on Fructus Schisandra chinensis. Final Report on "Seminar on the Use of Medicinal Plants in Health Care". Tokyo, Japan, Sept. 13-17. 1977. World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific. PP. 101-112. Manila. Philippines.
- 引述自"王本祥編‧現代中藥藥理學‧天津科學技術出版社, 1999: 1248-1250"