靈芝
名稱
拉丁名稱: Ganoderma英文名稱: Ganoderma / lucid ganoderma / reishi mushroom
科學名稱: Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. Ex Fr.) Karst (赤芝) 或 Ganoderma japonicum (Fr.) Lloyd (紫芝)
中文名稱: 靈芝
漢語拼音: ling zhi
來源
靈芝為多孔菌科真菌赤芝或紫芝的乾燥子實體,又名芝、靈芝草、木芝。1 現今靈芝孢子及菌絲體亦作應用。生產地
性味歸經
靈芝味甘,性平,歸屬心、肺、脾、腎經。2活性成分 / 主要化學成分
中藥功效
靈芝養心安神,補益氣血,止咳平喘。1
傳統中醫用途
靈芝主治虛勞、咳嗽、氣喘、失眠、健忘、食欲不振、消化不良等病症。3
- 心神不寧引致失眠、健忘、困倦等,可以靈芝配伍當歸、酸棗仁和龍眼肉同用;
- 脾氣不足引致食慾不振、疲倦乏力,可配合黨參、白朮、黃芪等同用;
- 肺氣不足引起咳嗽氣喘、聲低怯言,可配合冬蟲夏草、蛤蚧同用;
- 靈芝獨用可改善身體氣血不足症狀,如消化不良,沒胃口,倦怠、大便稀爛、暈眩、腰酸等。
現代臨床常用靈芝於長期病患補虛、腫瘤術後、化療及電療輔助、慢性支氣管炎、心功能減退等,亦是免疫補充劑常見成分。中老年人長期服用有助增強體質、健康延壽。
藥理作用
臨床實驗
2. 保肝
動物實驗
3. 抗氧化作用
動物實驗
4. 免疫調節作用
體外細胞實驗
動物實驗
5. 抗腫瘤
動物實驗
動物實驗
6. 逆轉腫瘤多抗藥性表現之特性
體外細胞實驗
7. 抗HIV-1蛋白酶活性
體外細胞實驗
毒性
急性及亞急性毒性實驗測試靈芝的熱水提取物(提取物A)和經透析及凍乾的靈芝熱水提取物(提取物B)之毒性。提取物A及B在大鼠的急性毒性測試中均未有任何嚴重和致命的結果。結果顯示靈芝熱水提取物對大鼠的50%致命劑量為多於5000mg/kg。實驗更證實大鼠口服5000mg/kg靈芝熱水提取物A共三十天,它們的體重、器官重量及血像均沒有改變。12 用法及劑量
煎湯時,靈芝常用量為6〜12g,有需要可增至30 g。亦有磨細入丸、散內服。3不良反應、副作用及注意事項
靈芝對於球蛋白亢進的患者不宜。
參考
- 李家實主編《中藥鑒定學》上海科技出版社, 2000.
- 國家中醫藥管理局編纂《中華本草》上海科技出版社1999.
- Chen J.K. and Chen T.T. Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology. Art of Medicine Press 2001.
- Li E.K., Tomlinson B., et al. Safety and efficacy of Ganoderma lucidum (Lingzhi) and San Miao San supplementation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind, randomized, placeno-controlled pilot trial. Arthritis and Rheumatism 57: 1143-1150 (2007).
- Shi Y., Zhang S., et al. Hepatoprotective effects of Ganoderma lucidum peptides against D-galactosamine-induced liver injury in mice. J. Ethnopharmacol. 3: 415-419 (2008).
- Yang X.J., Wu Z.H., et al. In vitro and in vivo protective effects of proteoglycan isolated from mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. World J. Gastroenterology 12: 1379-1385 (2006)
- Chan W.K., Chan G..C., et al. Ganoderma Lucidum polysaccharides can induce human monocytic leukemia cells into dendritic cells with immuno-stimulatory function. J. Hematol Oncol. 1: 9-20 (2008).
- Nonaka Y., Abe S., et al. Effects of the antlered form of Ganoderma lucidum on tumor growth and metastasis in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 72: 1399-1408 (2008).
- Li Y.B., Li X.J., et al. Serum amyloid A medicates the inhibitory effect Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells. Oncol Rep. 20: 549-556 (2008).
- Li W., LIN Z., et al. Reversal effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide on multidrug resistance in K562/ADM cell line. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 20: 620-627 (2008).
- Min B.S., Hattori M., et al. Triterpenes from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum and their inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 46: 1607-1612 (1998).
- Kim M.J., Kim B.K., et al. Studies on safety of Ganoderma lucidum. Korean Journal of Mycology, 14: 49 – 60 (1986).